Abstract

The political landscape of Pakistan in 2025 is a complex interplay of institutional power, narrative control, and organizational capacity, epitomized by the interactions among Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), Jamaat-e-Islami (JI), and the military-dominated establishment. This analysis employs institutional theory and soft power frameworks to dissect these dynamics, leveraging empirical evidence from electoral data, social media metrics, and legal proceedings to illuminate the structural forces shaping Pakistan's hybrid regime. The interplay of these actors reveals a sophisticated power equilibrium, where adaptability, ideological rigidity, and institutional authority define influence and constraint.