MICROBIAL DIAGNOSTICS AND INVESTIGATION, ADVANCED APPROACHES FOR ACCURATE DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZA

2026-04-08 2026-04-10 2026-04-12 4/14/2026 12:00:00 AM Pharmaceutical Review 14 2026 Mini-review 64 68 2026 ID N-5730-2015 English Taha Nazir clinical microbiology, immunological assays, antimicrobial resistance, laboratory investigation, infectious diseases Microbial diagnostics and investigation are central to the accurate detection, identification, and characterization of pathogenic microorganisms. This paper explores advanced diagnostic approaches, including molecular techniques, immunological assays, culture-based methods, and genomic technologies, that enhance the speed and precision of pathogen detection. Emphasis is placed on methods such as PCR, sequencing, mass spectrometry, and automated systems that enable detailed characterization of microbial virulence, resistance patterns, and epidemiological traits. The integration of advanced diagnostics into clinical and public health settings is essential for effective disease management, outbreak control, and the improvement of global healthcare outcomes.