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  <Header>
    <ArticleTitle>MAZAR-E-QUAID: HISTORICAL CONSTRUCTION, ARCHITECTURAL SYMBOLISM, AND CONTESTED NARRATIVES OF NATIONAL COMMEMORATION IN PAKISTAN – AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW</ArticleTitle>
  </Header>
  <ArticleParameters>
    <ArticleReceivingDate>2026-04-26</ArticleReceivingDate>
    <ArticleRevisedDate>2026-04-27</ArticleRevisedDate>
    <ArticleAcceptanceDate>2026-04-28</ArticleAcceptanceDate>
    <ArticlePublishedOn>4/30/2026 12:00:00 AM</ArticlePublishedOn>
    <Journal>DownTown News</Journal>
    <Volume>2</Volume>
    <Year>2026</Year>
    <ArticleType>Review article</ArticleType>
    <FirstPage>294</FirstPage>
    <LastPage>303</LastPage>
    <CollectionYear>2026</CollectionYear>
    <PublisherId>ID N-5730-2015</PublisherId>
    <Language>English</Language>
  </ArticleParameters>
  <Authors>
    <ArticleAuthors>Taha Nazir, Zaighum Javaid</ArticleAuthors>
  </Authors>
  <keywords>
    <Articlekeywords>Mazar-e-Quaid; Muhammad Ali Jinnah; national monuments; Pakistan history</Articlekeywords>
  </keywords>
  <Abstract>
    <ArticleAbstract>Mazar-e-Quaid, the mausoleum of Pakistan’s founder Muhammad Ali Jinnah, stands as one of the most important national monuments in Pakistan and a central symbol of state identity, collective memory, and post-colonial nation-building. Completed in 1971 in Karachi, the mausoleum represents a fusion of modernist architectural principles and Islamic geometric aesthetics. In recent years, viral social-media narratives have claimed that the mausoleum’s construction was delayed due to state neglect until criticism allegedly voiced by Jawaharlal Nehru during a 1960 visit to Pakistan compelled the government to act.</ArticleAbstract>
  </Abstract>
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